https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2025.13177
Physiological and morphological impact of physical activity and nutritional interventions to offset disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy
Submitted: 29 September 2024
Accepted: 31 January 2025
Published: 15 April 2025
Accepted: 31 January 2025
Abstract Views: 1140
PDF: 273
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All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Skeletal muscle tissue acts as a functional unit for physical movements, energy metabolism, thermogenesis, and metabolic homeostasis. In this literature review, the underlying mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy and the prevention strategies, including vigorous training and nutritional modifications are focused. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of multiple interventions is briefly explained. Ageing is an inevitable process often associated with cognitive impairment and physical decline due to muscular atrophy. Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by low muscle mass due to multiple underlying factors, i.e., genetic predisposition, ageing, inflammation, and trauma. The structural alterations include myofiber shrinkage, changes in myosin isoforms, decrease in myofiber diameter, and total protein loss. Furthermore, there is an imbalance in protein anabolic and catabolic reactions. This may be due to changes in multiple signal transduction pathways of protein degradation (i.e., caspase, calpain, ubiquitin protein degradation system, autophagy) and protein anabolism via the mTOR pathway. Consequently, certain pathophysiological factors associated with health disparities may reduce mobility and functional capacity to perform ADLs. To tackle this issue, novel strategies linked to physical movement, and dietary intake must be incorporated in life. Exercise poses multiple health benefits, including improved muscle mass and mobility. Diet diversification [particularly protein-rich meals] and the “whole food” approach (based on non-protein nutrients) may enhance intramuscular anabolic signaling and tissue remodeling. However, there is a pressing need to fund large-scale evidence-based trials based on modern machine learning techniques (AI-driven nutrition). Additionally, entrepreneurial platforms for commercialization of consumer-friendly food products must be initiated in future.
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How to Cite
Arif, I., Rasheed, A., Nazeer, S., & Shahid, F. (2025). Physiological and morphological impact of physical activity and nutritional interventions to offset disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. European Journal of Translational Myology. https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2025.13177
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